Understanding Blood Alcohol Content

Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) refers to the milligrams of alcohol per 100 milligrams of blood, usually expressed as a percentage. In other words, .10 BAC is 1 part alcohol for every 1,000 parts blood. An absolute BAC can only be obtained by drawing a sample of blood. As that method is not always practical, the best way to determine a reliable estimate is by using a breathalyzer that takes a sample of alveolar (deep lung) air

As BAC slowly rises and is under .06%:

• The drinker experiences stimulating effects such as increased energy, self-confidence, sociability, and a feeling of wellbeing or “euphoria.” This is the BUZZ Zone.

At a BAC of .06%:

• Peak stimulation and euphoria occur. After this “Point of Diminishing Returns,” higher BACs will result in fewer and fewer positive effects.

As BAC surpasses .06%:

• The drinker begins to feel the depressant effects of alcohol such as sluggishness, fatigue, sloppiness, lack of balance, and coordination, slurred speech. To others, the drinker often appears “drunk.” Once the drinker has gone beyond the “Point of Diminishing Returns,” it is impossible to return to the Buzz Zone. Remaining in the Buzz Zone maximizes the drinker’s positive experience and reduces harm.

Tolerance (being able to “hold one’s liquor”) hampers alcohol’s positive effects by reducing the initial stimulant qualities (yellow line). High tolerance makes drinking more costly in terms of calories and money, limits the euphoria, and worsens the depressant effects.

Alcohol Myopia

Alcohol Myopia literally means “cognitive nearsightedness”, and refers to alcohol’s ability to substantially decrease reasoning abilities, judgment, and the ability to concentrate. At BACs above 0.06 many individuals begin to focus exclusively on obvious cues and signals, and fail to take into account peripheral information and long-term consequences. Affected individuals literally zone in on one particular emotion or person, and lose sight of their surroundings. As a result, affected individuals may misperceive social cues and act inappropriately. While an intoxicated individual’s lack of social perception may be humorous to a sober on-looker, failure to appropriate read social signals puts both individuals at risk, and can lead to serious, life-changing consequences. Remember that intoxication is not an excuse for inappropriate or illegal behavior, and that you are responsible for your actions at all times.

 Progressive Effects of Alcohol

When most people think about alcohol, they first think about the “buzz” or mild “up” feeling that occurs when a individual consumes moderate amounts of alcohol over a corresponding period of time (ex: one drink per hour for up to four hours consecutively). While alcohol can produce a positive, relaxed overall feeling, alcohol can also produce a series of negative feelings.

Many people incorrectly assume that the more alcohol they consume the better they will feel. However, that simply is not the case. There comes a point, called the point of diminishing returns, when the “buzz” will not increase with more alcohol. In fact, at this point, (typically around a BAC of .06), drinking more alcohol is almost guaranteed to lead to a series of negative effects such as fatigue, impaired sexual performance, inappropriate social responses and behavior, and/or over-expressed emotions. Known as the biphasic effect or biphasic response, these up and down feelings can be avoided by drinking slowly to a maximum BAC of 0.06%.

 See below How to Maximize the Positive Effects of Alcohol for more information.  

Blood Alcohol Concentration	Changes in Feelings and Personality	Physical and Mental Impairments
0.01 – 0.06	Relaxation Sense of Well-being Loss of Inhibition Lowered Alertness Joyous	Thought Judgment Coordination Concentration
0.06 – 0.10	Blunted Feelings Disinhibition Extroversion Impaired Sexual Pleasure	Reflexes Impaired Reasoning Depth Perception Distance Acuity Peripheral Vision Glare Recovery
0.11 – 0.20	Over-Expression Emotional Swings Angry or Sad Boisterous	Reaction Time Gross Motor Control Staggering Slurred Speech
0.21 – 0.29	Stupor Lose Understanding Impaired Sensations	Severe Motor Impairment Loss of Consciousness Memory Blackout
0.30 – 0.39	Severe Depression Unconsciousness Death Possible	Bladder Function Breathing Heart Rate
0.40 and greater	Unconsciousness Death	Breathing Heart Rate

 An individual maximizes the positive effects of alcohol when s/he is able to keep his/her BAC at or below .06. Known as the “Pleasure Zone”, a consistent BAC below .06 can significantly reduce the potential negative outcomes of drinking. The problem with this method is that, as discussed in Understanding BAC, it is near impossible to know one’s own BAC without using an external device such as a breathalyzer. However, that doesn’t excuse mindless imbibing. This moderate level of alcohol intake will enable an individual to benefit from the positive effects of alcohol for a longer period of time than if you consumed all four drinks at once, thereby maximizing one’s time in the Pleasure Zone.

Blood Alcohol Concentration Table:

For Women  (by body weight) & (drinks per hour)

POUNDS:   100      120       140       160       180       200       220       240

1 drink      0.05     0.04     0.03     0.03     0.03     0.02     0.02     0.02

2 drinks    0.09     0.08     0.07     0.06     0.05     0.05     0.04     0.04

3 drinks    0.14     0.11     0.10     0.09     0.08     0.07     0.06     0.06

 

BAC always decreases by approximately 0.02 percent per hour for all individuals. In reality, metabolism rates can vary somewhat among individuals. The important point here is that when a person drinks alcohol, it is broken down at a constant rate, regardless of how quickly or slowly the person drinks.